Wednesday, January 1, 2025
Spain
https://cromosdefutbol.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1949-Bruguera-Ases.pdf Checklist, sample pics.
https://cromosdefutbol.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1950-Bruguera-Ases.pdf
https://cartophilic-info-exch.blogspot.com/2021/04/bruguera-spain-ases-del-futbol-1951.html
https://cartophilic-info-exch.blogspot.com/2020/06/bruguera-spain-ases-del-futbol-1953-54_17.html
https://lolleidaencromos.wordpress.com/lalbum/ Lleida pics
FS: https://en.todocoleccion.net/buscador?bu=cromo%20futbol&O=a
https://www.comc.com/Teams/Soccer/Athletic_Bilbao/c278532/Cards/Soccer,so
https://futboldesiempreydehoy.blogspot.com/search/label/Clubs%3A%20F.C.Barcelona%201952-53
https://cromosdefutbol.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1950-Bruguera-Ases.pdf
https://cartophilic-info-exch.blogspot.com/2021/04/bruguera-spain-ases-del-futbol-1951.html
https://cartophilic-info-exch.blogspot.com/2020/06/bruguera-spain-ases-del-futbol-1953-54_17.html
https://lolleidaencromos.wordpress.com/lalbum/ Lleida pics
FS: https://en.todocoleccion.net/buscador?bu=cromo%20futbol&O=a
https://www.comc.com/Teams/Soccer/Athletic_Bilbao/c278532/Cards/Soccer,so
https://futboldesiempreydehoy.blogspot.com/search/label/Clubs%3A%20F.C.Barcelona%201952-53
Sunday, December 29, 2024
Thursday, December 26, 2024
Thursday, December 12, 2024
Tuesday, December 10, 2024
Monday, December 9, 2024
Robert Moses
https://robertmosesthetruth.com/robert-moses-his-parkways-and-why-they-are-not-racist/
"When researching the parkways built by Robert Moses, there are a considerable number of sources that contend that he purposely built the bridge overpasses too low so that the minorities of New York City wouldn’t be able to access Long Island’s State Park system, specifically, Jones Beach. There are a number of easily discovered materials on the internet that show that buses could always access the Park, such as the below 1937 Bus Schedule from Flushing:"
p. 318: "Now he began to limit access [to Jones Beach] by buses; he instructed Shapiro to build the bridges across his new parkways low - too low for buses to pass. Bus trips therefore had to be made on local roads, making the trips discouragingly long and arduous." So Caro's claim is not that buses could not access Jones Beach - rather that it was harder for them to.
"When researching the parkways built by Robert Moses, there are a considerable number of sources that contend that he purposely built the bridge overpasses too low so that the minorities of New York City wouldn’t be able to access Long Island’s State Park system, specifically, Jones Beach. There are a number of easily discovered materials on the internet that show that buses could always access the Park, such as the below 1937 Bus Schedule from Flushing:"
p. 318: "Now he began to limit access [to Jones Beach] by buses; he instructed Shapiro to build the bridges across his new parkways low - too low for buses to pass. Bus trips therefore had to be made on local roads, making the trips discouragingly long and arduous." So Caro's claim is not that buses could not access Jones Beach - rather that it was harder for them to.
"Additionally, Moses wouldn’t try to pass a law “banning poor people”, because his success was directly tied to the popularity of his projects. It borders on moronic to think that a progressive, ambitious, hard-working public servant would risk his future by sabotaging these undertakings in order to advocate a bigoted agenda."
Uhm, no? Moses was not an elected official, and bigoted agenda wasn't a make-or-break issue back then anyway.
"What is most important in regard to Mr. Moses and his bridges is that state law prohibits trailers and commercial traffic on parkways. Because of this, it would be preposterous to expect Robert Moses to plan a road and its overpasses in order to, at some point in the distant future, or likely never, provide access to vehicles that are disallowed by statute."
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-09/robert-moses-and-his-racist-parkway-explained
"As leisure and recreation infrastructure—park before way—commercial traffic was excluded on all the early American parkways. This meant not only trucks, but buses. Banning big, noisy commercial vehicles was essential to the aesthetics of the parkway, and had nothing to do with racial discrimination. There would have been no need to use the bridges on the Southern State as barricades of a sort; buses were not allowed on this or any other state parkway in the first place.
"But Moses was no fool. “Legislation can always be changed,” Shapiro told Caro; “It’s very hard to tear down a bridge once it’s up.” So did Moses use cement and stone to effectively backstop the vehicular exclusion policy, insuring that the Southern State could never be used to schlep busloads of poor folk to Jones Beach?"
[Then follows analysis which Mark Romaine disputes.]
https://www.city-journal.org/article/robert-moses-reconsidered
Argues that the parkway dream did not spring from Moses' head - he merely executed the plans of others.
[Examples of Moses refusing access to commercial & military use of buses/large trucks on his parkways.]
"These incidents cast doubt on the idea, popularized in The Power Broker, that Moses designed parkway bridges too low for buses because he disliked the poor people whom the buses tended to transport, and wanted to keep them out of suburban parks and neighborhoods. He just didn’t like big vehicles—at least on his parkways."
Conclusion:
"Moses would never build those two cross-Manhattan highways because he had no magical powers to overturn political will when it turned against him. For decades, he had done what elected officials, newspaper editorialists, business leaders, and the public wanted. The body politic was changing its collective mind. Even as construction on the Cross-Bronx was under way, a Greenwich Village homemaker, Shirley Hayes, was cracking the code to stopping Moses: don’t pressure him to cancel a project, but target the elected officials who had always controlled everything that he built, or didn’t build."
https://robertmosesthetruth.com/uncanceling-robert-moses/
https://www.facebook.com/bestofli/posts/did-you-know-the-jones-beach-water-tower-otherwise-known-as-the-pencil-was-built/3851133901573726/
Uhm, no? Moses was not an elected official, and bigoted agenda wasn't a make-or-break issue back then anyway.
"What is most important in regard to Mr. Moses and his bridges is that state law prohibits trailers and commercial traffic on parkways. Because of this, it would be preposterous to expect Robert Moses to plan a road and its overpasses in order to, at some point in the distant future, or likely never, provide access to vehicles that are disallowed by statute."
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-09/robert-moses-and-his-racist-parkway-explained
"As leisure and recreation infrastructure—park before way—commercial traffic was excluded on all the early American parkways. This meant not only trucks, but buses. Banning big, noisy commercial vehicles was essential to the aesthetics of the parkway, and had nothing to do with racial discrimination. There would have been no need to use the bridges on the Southern State as barricades of a sort; buses were not allowed on this or any other state parkway in the first place.
"But Moses was no fool. “Legislation can always be changed,” Shapiro told Caro; “It’s very hard to tear down a bridge once it’s up.” So did Moses use cement and stone to effectively backstop the vehicular exclusion policy, insuring that the Southern State could never be used to schlep busloads of poor folk to Jones Beach?"
[Then follows analysis which Mark Romaine disputes.]
https://www.city-journal.org/article/robert-moses-reconsidered
Argues that the parkway dream did not spring from Moses' head - he merely executed the plans of others.
[Examples of Moses refusing access to commercial & military use of buses/large trucks on his parkways.]
"These incidents cast doubt on the idea, popularized in The Power Broker, that Moses designed parkway bridges too low for buses because he disliked the poor people whom the buses tended to transport, and wanted to keep them out of suburban parks and neighborhoods. He just didn’t like big vehicles—at least on his parkways."
Conclusion:
"Moses would never build those two cross-Manhattan highways because he had no magical powers to overturn political will when it turned against him. For decades, he had done what elected officials, newspaper editorialists, business leaders, and the public wanted. The body politic was changing its collective mind. Even as construction on the Cross-Bronx was under way, a Greenwich Village homemaker, Shirley Hayes, was cracking the code to stopping Moses: don’t pressure him to cancel a project, but target the elected officials who had always controlled everything that he built, or didn’t build."
https://robertmosesthetruth.com/uncanceling-robert-moses/
https://www.facebook.com/bestofli/posts/did-you-know-the-jones-beach-water-tower-otherwise-known-as-the-pencil-was-built/3851133901573726/
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